The middle continuous line is the mean of the cohort, and the upper and lower continuous lines show the upper and lower ranges of the cohort, respectively. While in most boys HSDS stays within the population range, mean height of the cohort accelerates from 3 years onward, which is particularly clear between 5 to 8 years. The population references (dotted lines) are based on the 2000 CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) stature-for-age charts for males aged 2 to 20 [51]. Redrawn from Ratcliffe et al [5]. Previously published by Lauffer et al [1]. Reproduced with permission from the Publisher S. Karger AG, Basel, and authors.